1961～2007年青藏高原四季开始日期的变化趋势分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

范思睿  范广洲  赖欣  朱丽华 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(1):71-79

利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的青藏高原60个测站1961～2007年逐日气温度资料,分析了青藏高原近47年来四季开始日期的时空变化特征和年代际变化趋势.结果表明,青藏高原的四季开始日期变化主要表现为春季和夏季的提前趋势,秋季和冬季的推后趋势,其中春季、冬季的变化显著,夏季、秋季的变化相对春季、冬季变化较小,四季开始日期的这种变化在增温明显的1990年代和21世纪初最为明显,并且春季和冬季开始日期的年代变化较大,而夏季和秋季开始日期的年际变化较大.这种变化趋势在空间分布上有所差异,春季和冬季开始日期变化的空间分布相似,春季和冬季开始日期的变化在空间上有相当的同步性而且都属于“中间高两边低”的分布状态,夏季和秋季开始日期变化的空间分布相似.此外,春季丌始日期在1990年代之前整体相对平稳并没有表现出明显的提早趋势,从1990年代开始变得较明显;夏季开始日期的提早变化相对平稳但年际变化较大;秋季开始日期的推迟相对平稳但是年际变化较大,1990年代有较明显的推迟趋势;冬季在1990年代表现出推迟趋势但是并不明显,但是到21世纪初表现出强烈的推迟.  相似文献   

1980-2010年西藏波密地区典型冰川变化特征及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

向灵芝  刘志红  柳锦宝  李林  邹孝  娄梦筠  戴睿  祝赢 《冰川冻土》2013,35(3):593-600

运用遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术, 结合波密县1960-2010年气象数据, 分析了西藏波密地区冰川的主要分布特征和典型大冰川1980-2010年的时空变化. 结果显示: 波密县共有冰川数量2 040条, 总面积为4 382.5 km², 其中, 分布在海拔4 000~6 000 m的高山冰川总面积达4 086 km², 占冰川总面积的93.2%; 南坡分布冰川1 504条, 面积3 180.04 km², 分别占波密冰川总量的73.73%和72.56%, 而北坡占还不到三分之一. 提取1980、 1990、 2000和2010年4期面积大于20 km²的24条大冰川面积进行对比分析, 1980-2010年间波密县大冰川面积总体呈减小趋势, 由1980年的1 592.78 km²退缩至2010年1 567.04 km², 共退缩了25.74 km²; 其中, 1980-1990年冰川变化贡献最大, 冰川面积退缩了16.62 km², 占冰川总面积退缩量的64.6%. 波密县气象站数据显示, 50 a来冰川退缩主要受温度持续上升的影响, 降水量变化对冰川变化影响不大.  相似文献   

Genesis of the Zhaxikang epithermal Pb-Zn-Sb deposit in southern Tibet,China: Evidence for a magmatic link     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb deposit is one of the most important deposits in the Southern Tibet metallogenic belt. Based on field geology, petrography, melt- and fluid inclusions and C-H-O isotopes, we describe and discuss the mineralization, alteration, and their possible link with magmatic fluids. Our results show that the Zhaxikang deposit shares many geological and geochemical similarities with typical intermediate-sulfidation (IS) epithermal deposits. The Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization is closely related to Fe-Mn carbonate- and silicic alterations, which formed the outer rim around the greisen in the Cuonadong Dome. Orebodies occur mainly as structurally-controlled veins and breccia dikes, with major minerals include sphalerite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and Fe-Mn carbonates. Main stage ore-forming fluids were of medium temperature (214–292 °C), low salinity (2.6–5.3 wt.% NaCl eqv.) and CO₂-bearing.Melt/fluid inclusions in beryl and quartz from the pegmatite indicate that the primary magmatic fluids were derived from the melt-fluid immiscibility. The magmatic fluids were of low salinity (0.2–7.9 wt.% NaCl eqv.), high temperature (298–457 °C) and CO₂-rich, and contained minor CH₄, N₂, C₂H₆, C₃H₈ and C₆H₆. The presence of Mn-Fe carbonates and daughter gahnite minerals in the beryl-hosted inclusions indicates high Mn, Fe and Zn contents in the parental magma and related magmatic fluids. This implies a genetic link between magmatic fluids and the Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization, as also supported by Ar-Ar dating and H-O-C isotopic evidence. We suggest that the Zhaxikang is best classified as an IS epithermal deposit, and the ore-forming fluids are likely to be magma-derived. Boiling of the magmatic fluids led to high-salinity fluids and metal enrichment. High regional geothermal gradient caused by the thermal doming event may have facilitated long distance transportation of magmatic fluids, and led to the formation of a wide alteration zone and distal Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization. The temperature drop and meteoric water involvement may have precipitated the Pb-Zn-Sn minerals in the distal fault systems.  相似文献   

Geochronological and mineralogical constraints on mineralization of the Hetai goldfield in Guangdong Province,South China     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Hetai goldfield, located in the southern segment of the Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay Juncture Orogenic Belt (QHJB), is the largest concentration of gold deposits in Guangdong Province, South China. The gold mineralization is hosted within the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Yunkai Group and strictly confined to mylonite (ductile shear) zones. The nature of the structural control of mineralization, in particular the role of ductile versus brittle deformation and their ages, which remain unclear despite numerous previous studies, are examined in this paper through an integrated study of geochronology and mineralogy.Lamellar and filament structures shown by pyrite and pyrrhotite in the ores suggest that sulfidation took place during ductile deformation and syntectonic metamorphism, but the majority of the ores are associated with brittle deformation features. In combination with macroscopic and microscopy observations on shear fabrics, LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircons of hydrothermal origin from mylonites suggests that the Hetai goldfield was subjected to two shearing events: an early sinistral ductile shearing at ca. 240 Ma, and a late dextral ductile-brittle shearing at ca. 204 Ma (Indosinian). These ages are ca. 90–30 Ma older than the previously published gold mineralizing ages of ca. 175–152 Ma (Yanshanian), suggesting that the main gold mineralization and related brittle deformation significantly postdate the ductile deformation. This inference is supported by the mineralization temperatures estimated from geothermometers of arsenopyrite (ca. 350–290 °C), chlorite (ca. 260–230 °C), and sphalerite (ca. 230–170 °C) intergrown with native gold, which are considerably lower than that for the ductile deformation (500–300 °C or higher). Based on these data, we propose that the gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield predominantly occurred during the Yanshanian event, and only minor gold mineralization and associated sulfidation took place during the earlier Indosinian ductile deformation.  相似文献   

川中高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型及分布规律   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

文龙  王文之  张健  罗冰 《岩石学报》2017,33(4):1285-1294

四川盆地川中地区震旦系气藏储量规模大,储层分布面积广。在Folk(1959)碳酸盐岩分类方案与张荫本等(1996)对粘结岩分类方案研究的基础之上,结合四川盆地震旦系灯影组的具体情况,提出新的划分方案。研究表明:(1)高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组碳酸盐岩岩石类型可分为3个亚类,10个微类。该方案不同之处在于把凝块(石)云岩归位颗粒岩,同时根据藻的形态把藻云岩进一步细分;(2)沉积岩类的发育和分布受沉积层序的控制。海侵体系域(TST)沉积阶段,以泥-粉晶云岩、微生物岩等正化学岩沉积为主。高位体系域(HST)沉积阶段,以凝块云岩、砂屑云岩等异化颗粒岩沉积为主。纵向上,岩性具有从暗色泥晶云岩→藻云岩→颗粒云岩→浅色泥晶云岩演化的特征,即泻湖亚相→藻丘亚相→颗粒滩亚相→台坪亚相的规律;(3)凝块云岩、砂屑云岩等颗粒岩是主要的储集岩类;(4)灯影组碳酸盐岩不同岩类的发育和分布对储层的发育起到控制作用。对灯影组的油气勘探,除了对岩溶作用的研究之外,还需要重视沉积古地貌、岩相展布特征的分析,有助于有效的预测灯影组储层"甜点区"。  相似文献   

郑家湾滑坡体蠕变对上跨桥梁的影响分析     

晏长根  李为  赵珍祥  石玉玲 《工程地质学报》2017,25(2):416-423

当前滑坡蠕变对上跨桥梁影响研究甚少,实测数据更为匮乏。在对郑家湾滑坡体及上跨桥梁进行长期监测的基础上,根据深部位移监测数据推断出滑坡潜在滑面位置,分析了气象因素对滑坡及桥梁变形的影响,进而研究了滑坡蠕变与桥梁变形的相关性。研究表明:（1) 郑家湾滑坡深约3~19m,月位移0.64~5.16mm,累积位移20~62mm,处于间歇性蠕滑状态。（2) 降雨控制着郑家湾滑坡蠕变与桥梁变形,监测期间月最大降雨量390.2mm,此时滑坡与桥梁变形幅度最大,分别为2mm·月-1和7mm·月-1。（3) 桥梁变形与滑坡蠕变具有同步性,两者月位移相差0.24~2.13mm,累积位移相差6.3mm。本文数据和结论对郑家湾滑坡治理及今后类似上跨桥梁滑坡的分析具有很好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

则木河断裂带活动特征和地质灾害对地貌演化的影响——以鹅掌河流域为例     

谢吉尊  冯文凯  杨少帅  李长顺  胡云鹏  王琦 《工程地质学报》2017,25(3):772-783

则木河断裂带具有构造活动强烈、地震活跃、次生地质灾害严重的特点。本文以鹅掌河流域为例,通过对断裂的活动特征,地质灾害的分布规律、长期活动性与成因机制和地貌演化进行分析,研究得出:（1）则木河断裂带活动特征影响地质环境的演化。新构造运动引起断裂带局部应变失衡,断裂活动诱发频繁地震;隆起和断陷断块的差异性活动,加剧地貌演化与地表过程;沉积建造环境的不同,影响岩土体的剥蚀与沉积;断裂的掀斜运动,改变地表水系格局与地热运移。（2）活动断裂对地质灾害的控制作用,表现为灾害具有时空效应。空间上,灾害沿断裂带呈带状分布,沿水系呈线状分布,具有地层倾向性,集中于断裂破碎带的软岩,微地貌效应显著;时间上,现有地质灾害在多次地震扰动和强降雨触发下形成,鹅掌河形成高频泥石流。（3）断裂活动影响灾害成因机制和灾害类型及破坏模式,脆弱的地质环境在地震持续扰动和极端降雨的耦合作用是灾害频发的根本原因;依据灾害成灾机制,将灾害分为3大类,7小类,具有震裂斜坡的典型破坏模式。（4）活动断裂与地质灾害相互作用决定地貌演化。鹅掌河泥石流影响邛海的地貌变迁,通过计算构造隆起量与灾害剥蚀量,表明鹅掌河处于隆起区,邛海处于淤积区。由此可见,则木河断裂活动特征通过影响区域地质环境演化,诱发大量的地震地质灾害,最终由地震构造作用驱动的隆起和断陷,地表灾害过程驱动的剥蚀和淤积,两者相互作用决定现有地貌的演化。  相似文献   

GEOMORPHIC FEATURES OF THE SHULE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN QILIANSHAN AND ITS INSIGHT INTO TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

SU Qi  YUAN Dao-yang  XIE Hong  SHAO Yan-xiu  LIANG Ming-jian. Lanzhou Institute of Seismology  China Earthquake Administration  Lanzhou  China  . Lanzhou National Observatory of Geophysic 《地震地质》2016,38(2):240-258

Because of the strong uplift of the Qilian Shan since late Cenozoic,the drainage basins that are derived from the mountains have undergone strong tectonic deformation.So the typical geomorphology characteristics of these drainage basins may indicate the strong tectonic movement in the region.For example,the Shule River drainage basin,which originates from the western part of the Qilian Shan owns unique geomorphology characteristics which may indicate the neotectonic movement. Stream networks of the Shule drainage basin extracted from the DEM data based on GIS spatial analysis technology are graded into five levels using Strahler classification method.Four sub-catchments,numbered 1,2,3 and 4 are chosen for detailed analysis.Furthermore,the four sub-catchments,the hypsometric integral curves,Hack profiles,SL index and average slope of the Shule drainage basin are determined by GIS tools.In addition,we analyzed the slope spectrum of the Shule drainage basin. The average elevation of the Shule drainage basin is very high,however,the slope of the drainage basin is very low,the gentle slope occupies so large area proportion that the slope spectrum shows a unimodal pattern and a peak value is in low slope region (0°~5°),so tectonic movement has a strong influence on the drainage basin.Under the intensive impact of the tectonic movement of the active fault and regional uplift,the hypsometric integral curve is sigmoid,revealing that the Shule drainage basin is in the mature stage.The Hack profile is on a convex,the longitudinal profile is best fitted by linear fitting and the abnormal data of the SL index of the Shule River has a good fit with the section through which the active fault traverses,that means the tectonic movement of the active fault has strong influence on the river's SL index.It is worth noting that lithologic factors also have great impact on the river geomorphology in some sections. According to the above analysis,we recognize that in the interior of active orogen,the evolution of river geomorphology usually is influenced by tectonic movement and reveals the regional neotectonics in turn.  相似文献   

四川盆地中南部地区洗象池群沉积旋回的碳氧同位素特征及地质意义     

贾鹏  李伟  卢远征  樊茹  李鑫  李明  曾乙洋  刘鑫 《现代地质》2016,30(6):1329-1338

摘要：四川盆地中南部地区寒武系洗象池群碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成,根据该地区采集的88个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了中上寒武统碳酸盐岩不同尺度沉积旋回中的碳氧同位素组成、演化及地质意义。研究表明,四川盆地寒武系洗象池群由下至上的地层序列中,碳、氧同位素具有明显的旋回性演化特征：其δ13C值变化于－56‰～3247‰之间,均值为-0979‰,绝大多数的样品都在-2‰～2‰的区间震荡,δ18O值分布于-111‰～-52‰之间,均值为-6934‰,主要集中在－9‰～-6‰的范围内波动。通过对不同尺度沉积旋回碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,认为在体系域尺度沉积旋回中控制碳氧同位素组成特征的主因是海平面变化,在米级旋回中主要受高频海平面变化、古气候、古构造等多方面叠加的影响;通过对碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,首次明确了该地区芙蓉统的底界,为地层的划分对比提供了有力证据;洗象池群早期和中期经历了短暂而快速的海侵后进入缓慢的海退,在晚期缓慢海侵后的快速海退,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。  相似文献   

面向对象的三维动态实物模型建模技术     

童晓冲  吴云东  汪滢 《测绘工程》2005,14(3):50-53

总结了面向对象三维建模思想,对模型的组成、结构和框架进行了详细的分析,提出了面向对象的三维动态模型的概念,并建立了模型的数据构成方式,还在此基础上对此结构进行了简化,对由此数据结构产生的文件进行了深入系统的剖析,并给出了实验系统的演示效果.  相似文献